Major Developments in China Since 1976 essays

Major Developments in China Since 1976 essays The year 1976 was a watershed year for the development of China. Three of the most senior officials of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) - Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Mao Zedong - died in that year. The year was also marked by mass demonstrations and criticism of the Maoist regime. When Deng Xiaoping attained power in 1978 he created a new atmosphere of political and economic promise, which in many ways sharply contradicted governmental and political proceedings of the previous two decades. One of the most significant changes implemented by Xiaoping was on the economic front, which included a series of far-reaching economic reforms.. Yet, the most essential change in China since 1976 has been the decisive move away from the Maoist emphasis and focus on the class and political struggle to a There are many reasons for the reforms in China. The fact that the previous communist reforms were not capable of sustaining and creating economic growth in the country is one of the reasons for the reforms. Other very cogent reasons are that China needed to join the international community for economic and developmental reasons; and because China had for many years come under pressure, particularly in terms of its social traditions, to conform to international standards. The demand for modernization is an important aspect that contributed to China's reform and this was increased by Western influences. China eventually had to face the reality that political strategies alone could not increase productivity. This issue came to a head in the 1970's and resulted in the "Four Mobilizations" program, which was intended to reform and energize the Chinese economy. These mobilizations or areas of focus were agriculture, industry, science and technology and the military. The important aspect that underl...

Comparative politics and political ideas Assignment

Comparative politics and political ideas - Assignment Example he political system in North Korea does not function to benefit the people that it ought to serve and, therefore, an active presidential democracy should be established where political leaders would be chosen by the universal salvage rather than the current handpicked hereditarily authority. Democracy ensures that the most suitable candidate is elected to office to actualize the needs of the people. Political representation also ensures leaders to work hard because they would face the people in the next election. Political representation has been working efficiently in majority of the nations, in the world and would work well, in North Korea. Presidential system has the most accountable democracies in the world. They ensure that public resources are accounted, unlike a totalitarian dictatorial system. Dictatorship thrives in wastage and engagement, in selfish agenda that ruin the economic fundamentals of the country. Presidential systems thrive better in a free market economy. This help in equitably allocating the scarce resources to the most deserving sectors in the economy. There is no agreed definition of democracy, but it is that system of government that exercises power on behalf of the people. It is a system of government that respects the freedom and rights of individuals. China has been exercising de facto totalitarian authority in the expense of democracy. Though the country has denied people political liberty, it has expanded its economic freedom to citizens and local and foreign companies. Both Israel and Palestine have a genuine argument on the conflict between the two warring communities. As it has been said the most deadly conflict have been the clash between right and right and not right and wrong. Therefore, the mediation of the conflict has found it difficult to find common ground for which both parties can agree on. However, it is the understanding of the causes of the conflict that can help address the situations. The original composition of

Gays should have the same rights as married couples Assignment

Gays should have the same rights as married couples - Assignment Example In America, gay rights have become a central battle in their culture because of the growing acceptance of homosexual relationships that has led to direct threat to dominant Christian norms regarding sex and sexuality. Many people accept marriage as being a union between heterosexuals and this begs the question to define sexes. There are those who define marriage as a religious rite, hence legalizing gay marriage will constitute sacrilege of some level and state intrusion to religious matter. It is untrue to state, and undemonstratable that gay marriage is harmful; on the contrary, gay marriage may benefit us in several ways. Arguments for and against Gay Marriage Marriage between two people who love each other is essential in providing physical and psychological benefits. Research was carried out and it found out that preventing gay couples from marrying might result in psychological problems. When these couples get married, they get access to social support that is essential in faci litating and strengthening heterosexual marriages with the help of psychological and psychical benefits that are associated with that support. Alternatively, gay unions accelerate assimilation of gay couples to a mainstream of heterosexual cultures, which can seize to exist if the gap resent between the experience witnessed between gay and heterosexual is reduced. There are varieties of means that has been used to suppress people who are against same sex marriage (Corvino and Gallagher, 2012). Marriage is therefore, summarized as a means of adopting heterosexual form of family while giving up gay families as well as gay cultures. Majority of gay couples insist the absence of a thing known as traditional marriage, and with the prevalence of both modern and ancient family examples that were nuclear, polygamous, community child rearing, concubines, mistresses, prostitution, etc. are among the unnatural evolutionary thoughts. In comparison, most marriages currently are threatened by hig h rates of divorce. Research carried out in 2008 suggested that 40% to 50% of marriages end up in divorce while 40.6% of babies currently born are born by single mothers; therefore, gay marriage should be banned to prevent weakening of marriage institution. The constitution, by trying to reinforce both equality and liberty to its citizens has given protection to gay couples. This was evident in 1974 when the case of Cleveland vs LaFleur where the verdict given by the court was to declared marriage as personal choice of a person. Vaughn Walker who was a US District Judge wrote on 4 August 2010 that Prop.8 in the state of California that bans gay marriage was not constitutional under the Due process Clause. Another argument against gay marriage is that it leads to slippery floor that will end up giving people polygamous, bestial, among other relationships that are not traditionally recognized an opportunity to marry one another. Glen Lavy, a senior counsel wrote on the 28th day of May 2008 about polygamy movement posing to take advantage of the success of homosexual relations to springboard de-institutionalization of marriage. Another reason gay couples demand their rights to have marital benefits similar to heterosexual couples is that by denying them the right to marry stigmatizes the gay families as being inferior as well as the act of discriminating these type of family as acceptable. Supreme Court

Library Services Essay Example for Free

Library Services Essay Libraries today have improved their services in order to provide both printed and electronic materials to the users. Majority of students prefer using electronic materials to do their research since it is convenient and faster. In order to become â€Å"information literate† and to successfully deliver successful research project, it is important to locate the relevant information. It is important to understand the difference between doing a critical substantive research and â€Å"surfing the net† (American Library Association, 2003) The first step to undertake when a certain research assignment that requires internet research or library is given is to determine the objectives of the assignment. The student first sets on the section that has the topic of research using the library reference collection. A statement of objectives or background information helps the student to select the appropriate library catalogs, printed indexes and article databases. If the student is conducting an internet search ‘a statement of objectives’ helps him/her to establish the appropriate search tool and locate timely and relevant materials. LIBRARY STRATEGIES After setting and establishing the research objectives, the next step involves breaking down the assignment in to research strategy steps that would help in accomplishing the stated objectives (Dempsey, 2007). The research strategy steps involves first defining the topic using an appropriate book that has the background information or using an encyclopedia. From there a list of keywords and relevant phrases are developed that help in the search. If the research requires printed material, library catalogs, printed indexes and article databases are used to find recent and relevant information in books, journals and magazines. When using electronic materials, keywords are typed on the search engines or internet directories to locate high-quality, relevant and authoritative web sites. Most libraries are co-operating in order to provide developed services to the users. Therefore it is necessary to locate a library that has diversified materials as it would grant recent and quality materials to choose information from a number of books, journals or websites. When searching for materials online, it is important to look for licensed sites to avoid problems with the law. Scholarly articles are the best materials to do a research from as compared to popular sources because they are free from bias. CONCLUSION Library research process can be broken down in to five easy steps namely defining the topic, selecting research resources for the particular topic, locating the information identified in the selected resources, evaluating the resources and finally documenting or citing the resources (American Library Association, 2003). To define a topic involves having clear understanding of the research objectives. The topic of research should be well understood and background search conducted using encyclopedias, subject dictionaries or thesauri, bibliographies or research guides and handbooks. In case it becomes hard to locate a book using library catalogue, the librarian can be requested to give instructions and direction. A concept map is a method used by modern libraries to find information in electronic and print research resources. Selecting resources for research depends on whether the research requires in-depth study or not. If the resources are for basic research, Short Loan collections or articles and books found in Desk Copy can be used. However for an advanced search abstracting journals, indexing publications or electronic journals are used to locate conference papers and articles that are relevant to the topic. Peer reviewed scholarly articles are recommended for conducting research because they go through external editing that verifies the authenticity and accuracy of information presented. Reputable magazines and newspaper are a good source of information so long as they have current information and are objective. All research materials should be properly cited and documented to avoid plagiarism. REFERENCES American Library Association. (2003). Toolkit for academic and research libraries (@ your library: the campaign for Americas libraries). Chicago, IL: American Library Association. Dempsey, L. (2007). The network reconfigures the library systems environment. Retrieved on July 19, 2010 from http://orweblog. oclc. org/archives/001379. html

Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Essay

Analysis of Anne Bradstreet's To My Dear and Loving Husband Anne Bradstreet's poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband, shows her profound love and undying affection for her husband. For a Puritan woman who is supposed to be reserved, Bradstreet makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. She conveys this message through her figurative language and declarative tone by using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes. Over and over again she expresses her adoration for him with imagery. "I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the riches that the east doth hold. My love is such that rivers can not quench,..." (5-7). Bradstreet is declaring there is nothing as powerful as the love she shares with her husband which is untouchable and eternal. These three line...

Women in Sports 19th and 20th Century

Jen Pearlstein December 2, 2010 Kin 305 Women in Sports 19th and 20th Century Women’s participation in sports has changed over the centuries. In ancient times, men dominated societies. Women were viewed as the caretaker, a provider for life. Women who did participate were criticized and were thought of as threatening. In 18th century America, women were considered inferior to men because of the belief that women are the weaker sex. A woman’s purpose in life was to take care of the house, children, and husband.When they did want to participate in recreational sport, they need to be able to negotiate with men and with other women because societies did not make it easy for women to participate. For example, there was a woman who wanted to go sailing, but to do so she needed to deal with the owner of the boat, her husband and a neighboring couple, who was to accompany her, to do so. By the 19th century, there was a cultural shift for women. Women became frustrated with thei r role in society as house -keepers and caretakers and wanted to experience more with their life.They wanted to pursue educational and athletic opportunities to expand their role outside the home. At that time, however, there was opposition towards women participating in sports and receiving an education because they believed it would cause damage to their reproductive organs. Also, it was believed that sport developed manliness, a trait women should not process. But when women were given an education, it was shown that they could handle the ability to endure rigors of education, which helped them form a sense of independence and help provide athletic opportunities.Because of these growing opportunities, exercise for women became very popular and gained credibility. Catherine Beecher was one influential person in regards to physical education for women. She and Dioclesian Lewis developed the 1st women physical education programs to promote women’s health. They developed what is known as calisthenics, which is similar to Pilates. Colleges like, Wellesley College, started to require calisthenics and sports as part of their curriculum.Among the wealthy, outdoor activities such as archery, tennis, and golf became creditable and evolved into national associations, which sponsored the first national championships for women in those sports. Senda Berenson’s introduction of basketball to women in 1892 caused coeducational colleges, women’s colleges, and other schools to organize women’s teams across the United States. The three women who plotted the initial course of physical education and athletic competitions were Blanche M Thrilling, Mabel Lee, and Agnes Wayman.They were the leaders of women’s participation in athletics. However, Thrilling did provide the most leadership of the group. She organized a meeting to discuss the participation of women in sport. During this meeting the Athletic Conference of American College Women (CWA) was formed. However, they did not support the intercollegiate athletics for women. The reason why they opposed to intercollegiate athletics was because it led to professionalism, it was expensive, required coaches, and it led to nerve fatigue according to the organization.Because of the opposition of intercollegiate athletics for women, a way for them to compete against another school was through play days or sport days. Three or more colleges would meet for competition and would divide themselves up into teams without the school colors. This was the only form of intercollegiate competition that was available for women. These play day and sport days caused an increase in the involvement of women in sporting events.This led to the formation of organizations like the national committee on Women’s Sports, to provide rules and standards for athletic participation for women and girls. The AAU, Amateur Athletic Union, which was under the control of men, took control over women†™s athletics. This stirred up conflict amongst physical educators and other leaders like, Lou Henry Hoover, Blanche Thrilling, and Agnes Wayman who opposed the AAU control and wanted women to govern the organization not men.They were against it because â€Å" only women could understand the psychological, motivational, and physiological need for women. † (Costa & Guthrie, 91) Lou Henry Hoover was the leader of the National Amateur Athletic Federation, which was an organization that supported sport for everyone. She wanted to have a separate Women’s division because of the different ideal standards of women’s sport; and so was formed the women’s division of the NAAF. This organization set standards for women’s competition and encouraged them to participate in both school and non-school events.There still was a belief that women were too frail physically and mentally to participate in intense competition like Olympics. However, in 1932, Mildred â⠂¬Å" Babe† Didrikson disproved this belief by winning two Olympic gold medals and one silver medal in track and field. She had also won every golf tournament she competed in. Her great victories influenced the acceptance of higher- level competition, but there were still limitations due to the bias that sport build manliness, and therefore, women shouldn’t participate because it would strip their femininity.Because of discrimination, women did not have as much financial support and training opportunities as men did. It was not until the 1960’s, during the feminist movement, that women fought for equal rights. This caused a great influence for women and sports. There was the approval of inclusion of intercollegiate sport and the establishment of national championship for golf, gymnastics, track and field, badminton, swimming, diving, volleyball and basketball. But what really caused a growth of women’s athletics, was the result of Title IX of the Educationa l Amendment Act of 1972.This law was passed to eliminate sex discrimination in sports. This act provides equal opportunities for finances, coaching, and facilities. There was much growth of women’s athletics from ancient times to today. Even though you can still notice gender biases amongst women’s athletics since men’s sport are still more popular than the women’s, there are more opportunities and more organizations sponsoring women’s involvement and less discrimination than before.References Costa, Margaret D, & Guthrie, Sharon D. ( 1994). Women and Sport: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. USA: D. Margaret Costa and Sharon R. Guthriex Hutchens, Lisa C. (1998). Gender Equity Collegiate Sports: The Role of Athletic Associations. Initiatives (Washington D. C),v. 58 no. 4. Retrieved from File:///Users/Jen/Downloads/HWWilsonRecords. html Metchikoff, Robert A. (2010) A History and Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education From Ancient Civilizations to t he Modern World. Boston, MA: McGraw- Hill.

Predicción temporada huracanes 2019 y cómo informarse

Segà ºn las à ºltimas predicciones, la temporada de huracanes de 2019 para la cuenca Atlà ¡ntica tendrà ¡ un nà ºmero de tormentas tropicales y huracanes considerado normal. Puntos clave: huracanes 2019 en la cuenca Atlà ¡ntica La temporada de huracanes corre del 1 de junio al 30 de noviembre.En 2019 se esperan al menos tres huracanes de categorà ­a 3 o superior.Telà ©fono de FEMA: 800–621–3362.En algunos casos, es posible recuperar el dinero de vacaciones canceladas por un huracà ¡n. En 2019, se esperan 12 tormentas tropicales con vientos superiores a 39 millas por hora y cinco huracanes, de los cuales tres podrà ­an alanzar las 111 millas por hora y, por lo tanto, superar el nivel 3 en la escala Saffir–Simpson. Esas son las à ºltimas predicciones efectuadas por la Administracià ³n Nacional Oceà ¡nica y Atmosfà ©rica (NOAA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), la Universidad de Colorado y el Tropical Storm Risk. Por otra parte, Por otra parte, la Weather Company, propiedad de IBM, y la Universidad de Carolina del Norte estiman que la temporada de huracanes 2019 en el Atlà ¡ntico serà ¡ muy poco mà ¡s activa que las predicciones seà ±aladas anteriormente, ya que prevà ©n que habrà ¡ mà ¡s tormentas tropicales y, posiblemente, entre cinco y siete huracanes. Sin embargo, coinciden con las predicciones anteriores al prever solo entre dos o tres los huracanes que superarà ¡n el nivel 3. Cuà ¡les son las zonas de EE.UU. que pueden verse afectadas por un huracà ¡n En los Estados Unidos,  los huracanes afectan principalmente a tres à ¡reas: Golfo de Mà ©xico: Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi y la costa occidental de FloridaEstados atlà ¡nticos sureà ±os:  Florida, Georgia, Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte.Caribe, incluyendo el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico y las Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas. Aunque no se puede descartar que afecte duramente a otros estados, por ejemplo, Sandy en 2012, que golpeà ³ duramente al estado de Nueva York. Por otro lado, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros paà ­ses,  es muy raro que los huracanes toquen tierra en los estados estadounidenses del Pacà ­fico. Por ejemplo, desde 1900 sà ³lo dos tormentas tropicales tocaron California.   Lo mismo puede decirse del archipià ©lago de Hawaii que no ha registrado ciclones tropicales desde los aà ±os 50. Sin embargo, son mucho mà ¡s frecuentes y daà ±inos en Mà ©xico. Cà ³mo estar informado sobre un huracà ¡n que se acerca y refugio para indocumentados Si hay una tormenta tropical o un huracà ¡n con posibilidad de acercarse a las costas de Estados Unidos es imposible no enterarse, ya que la noticia es seguida detalladamente por todos los medios de comunicacià ³n, tanto en inglà ©s como en espaà ±ol, como por ejemplo en las cadenas de televisià ³n Telemundo y Televisa. Para informacià ³n sobre quà © hacer, un buen lugar es la pà ¡gina web de la Cruz Roja americana. Tambià ©n  la pà ¡gina oficial del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos ready.gov, para obtener datos sobre cà ³mo prepararse y la Agencia Federal de Manejo de Emergencias, tambià ©n conocida por las siglas de FEMA y que tiene informacià ³n en espaà ±ol. En los à ºltimos aà ±os se ha producido una gran controversia sobre si era seguro para los migrantes indocumentados solicitar ayuda en bancos de alimentos y refugiarse en albergues  en situaciones de desastre natural producido por un huracà ¡n. Tanto ICE como la Patrulla Fronteriza ,hasta el momento, han declarado que no harà ­an detenciones en esos lugares, si bien conviene informarse a travà ©s de medios confiables. La mayorà ­a de refugios no dependen de ningà ºn tipo de gobierno, ni del federal, ni del estatal ni de la municipalidad. Y en refugios administrados por comunidades locales, la Cruz Roja, iglesias, etc no pregunta a ninguna persona por estatus migratorio. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que los retenes de control de estatus migratorio sà ­ pueden estar abiertos e ICE ha advertido en los à ºltimos aà ±os que puede arrestar a migrantes indocumentados detectados en dichos controles.  ¿Quà © hacer si se tienen planeadas las vacaciones en à ©poca de huracanes? Si el lugar planeado para las vacaciones se encuentra en una zona afectada por huracanes, es recomendable reservar en un hotel con garantà ­a  de reintegrar el dinero en caso de huracà ¡n categorà ­a 1 o superior. Como por ejemplo en la cadena Starwood Hotels Resorts que incluye marcas conocidas como Aloft, Le Meridien, Sheraton, St. Regis, W y Westin. Comprar un seguro de viaje  que cubra esta posibilidad. Sà ³lo se reintegrarà ¡ la cantidad asegurada. Como regla general se requiere que se compre  al menos 24 horas  antes de que se asigne nombre a una tormenta tropical. Nombres de tormentas tropicales y huracanes temporada 2019 La Organizacià ³n Metereolà ³gica Mundial es la encargada de dar nombre a las tormentas tropicales y huracanes, alternando nombres de varà ³n y de mujer. Para la temporada de 2019 que comienza oficialmente el 1 de junio y se extiende al 30 de noviembre, los nombres adjudicados son los siguientes: ​​AndreaBarryChantalDorianErinFernandGabrielleHumbertoImeldaJerryKarenLorenzoMelissaNestorOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy Los huracanes mà ¡s mortales  en la historia de los Estados Unidos Estos son los cinco huracanes que se consideran que han  sido los mà ¡s mortales en EE.UU.: En primer lugar, el huracà ¡n de Galveston, Texas, de 1900, que dejà ³ entre 8.000 y 12.000 muertos. El segundo lugar, lo ocuparà ­a el huracà ¡n Marà ­a, que golpeà ³ duramente Puerto Rico en 2017. Segà ºn un estudio de la Universidad de Harvard, el nà ºmero de fallecidos directa e indirectamente asciende a 4645, a pesar de que el nà ºmero oficial y directo es de 64 và ­ctimas mortales. El tercer huracà ¡n que causà ³ mà ¡s muertes es el Okeechobee, tambià ©n conocido como San Felipe Segundo, que dejà ³ 2.500 fallecidos en Puerto Rico y Florida. El cuarto lugar lo ocupan los huracanes de la temporada de 1893. El sexto, que golpeà ³ Savannah, Georgia, y dejà ³ 2.000 fallecidos. Finalmente, el huracà ¡n Katrina en  2005 dejà ³ 1.500 muertos.. Aunque cuando tocà ³ tierra en Louisiana ya era categorà ­a 3, lo cierto es que su daà ±o fue causado no tanto por la fortaleza del viento sino por la gran extensià ³n afectada por vientos fuertes continuos. El gran desastre se produjo cuando se rompieron los diques en el rà ­o Mississippi y el 80 por ciento de la ciudad de Nueva Orleà ¡ns se inundà ³, quedando sumergida en algunos puntos. Huracanes mà ¡s costosos en historia de Estados Unidos Los cinco huracanes mà ¡s costosos son los siguientes: Harvey, que golpeà ³ Texas en 2017: 125 mil millones de dà ³lares  Katrina, que tocà ³ tierra en Louisiana en 2005: 100 mil millones de dà ³laresMarà ­a, que arrasà ³ Puerto Rico en 2017: 90 mil millones de dà ³laresSandy, que afectà ³ en 2012 a 24 estados y golpeà ³ duramente Nueva York: 70 mil millones de dà ³laresIrma, que causà ³ daà ±o en 2017 en Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas, Puerto Rico y Florida: 50 mil millones de dà ³lares. De los cinco huracanes mà ¡s daà ±inos desde el punto de vista econà ³mico, tres se produjeron en 2017. Para estar informado a la à ºltima en predicciones sobre la temporada de huracanes, se puede consultar la pà ¡gina oficial en espaà ±ol del tiempo y customizarla segà ºn el lugar en el que se reside o al que se planea viajar. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.